Abstract

Introduction

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted for six months, comparing a group receiving FIR therapy (n = 49) with a control group (n = 50). The primary outcome is defined as the composite outcome of three-point major adverse cardiovascular events (3P-MACE), coronary artery disease (CAD), congestive heart failure (CHF), or PD-related infection. The secondary outcomes are: (1) 3P-MACE; (2) 3P-MACE, CAD, or CHF; (3) PD-related infection.

Results

The FIR group consistently exhibited lower incidence rates for primary and secondary outcomes. The primary outcome occurred in six patients (12.2 %) in the FIR group and 15 patients (30 %) in the control group, with incidence rates of 0.26 vs. 0.75 events per patient-year, respectively (p = 0.03). The secondary outcomes for the FIR and control groups were: (1) 3P-MACE occurred in zero patients and four patients (8 %), respectively; (2) composite outcome of 3P-MACE, CAD, or CHF occurred in two patients (4.1 %) and six patients (12 %), respectively; (3) PD-related infection occurred in six patients (12.2 %) and 12 patients (24 %), respectively. Furthermore, FIR therapy significantly reduced hospitalizations for the primary outcome (HR = 0.22; 95 % CI = 0.07–0.71; p = 0.01) and demonstrated better survival rate at six months (85.7 % vs. 67.9 %, respectively). Conclusion: This study suggests that FIR therapy shows promise in reducing hospitalizations associated with cardiovascular and infectious outcomes in PD patients.

-J Formos Med Assoc. 2025 May 26:S0929-6646(25)00239-6